Refinancing is a way to renew a loan agreement with another bank on more favorable terms. The purpose of refinancing for the client is to reduce the annual interest rate, and, as a result, overpayments on the loan, reduce the monthly payment by increasing the contract term, more convenient service (availability of cash desks, free repayment methods). For a banking organization, the benefit is obvious: they get a new client. The service itself is not much different from issuing a loan. But there are some peculiarities here. Let's look at how to use this service and what documents are needed to refinance a loan.

Refinancing principle

At any stage, under certain conditions, the borrower can contact any commercial bank with a request to refinance his existing loan. At the same time, it is possible to combine several contracts into one. For example, you have an agreement with VTB 24 and Rosselkhozbank. You have the right to refinance both loan agreements by combining them into one, for example, at Sberbank.

Based on refinancing, the banking organization you have chosen will repay the debt under existing agreements, completely closing the loans. But at the same time, you will have obligations on the loan from this company.

This will not affect your credit history in any way and will not affect the issuance of loans in the future. Because for banks it makes no difference who repays the loan. The presence of long-term overdue debt has a more negative impact. Therefore, the refinancing service in this regard is attractive for all parties to the transaction.

Conditions

To refinance with any commercial bank, you must meet a number of conditions. These conditions may vary for each banking company. The main criterion is the absence of current overdue debt. And also the availability of payments under the loan agreement, usually at least three to six monthly payments.

Otherwise, the requirements are standard, as with a simple loan application. Accordingly, the usual package of documents is installed. There are also certain restrictions on the loan term.

For example, if you have a consumer loan for a period of 60 months, and the bank where you plan to refinance the maximum terms in this area is also 60 months, then it is not possible to increase the term of the agreement in this case. Accordingly, it will not be possible to achieve a significant reduction in the monthly payment.

Set of documents

As mentioned earlier, this service is not much different from standard lending. Therefore, ordinary documents are needed to confirm the identity, status and solvency of the borrower.

The set of necessary documents that confirm identity and status includes:

• passport or its photocopy (all pages with marks);
• work record book or certified copy from the employer;
• military ID;
• individual taxpayer number;
• SNILS;
• international passport;
• driver's license.

It will also be important to prepare documents on solvency. Since if a client resorts to refinancing services, this indicates that he cannot withstand the credit load. You can confirm your income:

• a certificate in form 2-NDFL from the accounting department at the place of work;
• statement of cash flows using a debit or salary card;
• a bank form certificate, which can be obtained from the bank where on-lending is planned;
• other documents confirming the constant official influx of money (pensions, rental agreements, etc.).

But this is only a standard set for the bank to evaluate the possibility of financing a transaction. What else do you need? In addition, you must provide information on the current loan that is being prepared for refinancing.

• certificate of loan debt and interest under the loan agreement. Usually called a “certificate of loan parameters”;
• a certificate reflecting information about the date of execution of the agreement and the term, interest rate, and initial loan debt;
• a certificate of receipt of payments into the account and the absence of current overdue debt;
• details of the account opened for repayment so that the bank can pay the debt and close the loan agreement.

After the refinancing has taken place, do not forget to obtain a certificate confirming the closure of the loan and the absence of debt to the bank.

Possible disadvantages of refinancing

Refinancing is a service that should provide the maximum benefit for the client, based on current needs. Before using this service, you should check with your chosen bank about the presence of hidden fees.

Bank for loan refinancing

For example, is the refinancing service paid (that is, having issued a refinancing, you need to pay something additional to the bank), whether a commission will be charged for an interbank transfer.

Transferring funds between third-party banks is usually a paid service. It is necessary to clarify at whose expense the transfer fee will be paid, and methods of repaying loans. There are banking organizations that do not have their own cash desks or ATMs through which you can replenish funds into your account. And payment through third-party organizations may come with a transfer fee, which will make the loan agreement less profitable.

In general, refinancing is issued for any type of agreement, be it a consumer loan, car loan or mortgage. If the agreement provides for a pledge, then additionally it will be necessary to provide documents on the subject of the pledge:

• PTS and purchase and sale agreement - if the car is registered;
• a certificate from Rosreestr, a certificate of ownership and a purchase and sale agreement, if a mortgage has been issued;
• You may also need a cadastral passport for an apartment, house or land plot and the expertise of an independent appraiser.

The exact list should be clarified directly with the loan application manager, as it may vary depending on the financial institution.

Insurance

If the terms of the loan provide for collateral, then it may be subject to compulsory insurance. For example, a car often needs to be insured under CASCO for the risks of theft and damage.

In this regard, a copy of the policy payment and receipt must be provided. If a mortgage is refinanced, then real estate insurance is mandatory insurance. In this case, you will also need a policy and receipts.

In order to improve the terms of the agreement or reduce the amount of monthly payments, it is not necessary to contact any other bank. Perhaps your banking organization provides a restructuring service, which will greatly simplify the process.

Bank for loan refinancing

This is the right of the bank to change the terms of lending at the request of the client. To do this, you do not need to prepare a huge package of documents and wait again for the loan to be processed.

It is enough to provide certificates confirming the deterioration of your financial situation (work book with a notice of dismissal, a certificate from the accounting department about a decrease in income over the last three months). In this case, the bank can meet the client halfway and provide more convenient terms under the agreement.

Mortgage refinancing has become one of the most popular banking products of 2017. Every fifth new housing loan this year is a refinancing of an old one. For some banks this figure exceeds 40%.

Pros of refinancing mortgage loans

Benefit #1: Reduced monthly payment

When refinancing, the borrower can take out a mortgage for any period approved by the bank. This makes it possible to significantly reduce the monthly payment - both by lowering the rate and by “stretching” the lending period for several more years. But keep in mind: if the difference in rates is small, the overpayment will also increase.

Let's take this example: we bought an apartment worth 3 million rubles with a mortgage. with an initial payment of 20% for 10 years at 13.5%. We paid for a year, then refinanced at 11% for the same period.

With a saving of 4,500 rubles on a monthly payment the total savings thus amount to about a million rubles even taking into account the actual increase in the loan term by a year after refinancing. The calculation was made without taking into account additional costs, which will be discussed in the example below:

Reviews from mortgage providers

We took out a mortgage from Sberbank in 2014 for an apartment in a building under construction. At 14.25% while construction is underway and 13.25% after the house is commissioned. They paid for two years, glad that they managed to do it before the rates increased, and then they began to be sad.

By the end of 2016, our rate began to seem astronomical. We examined the mountain of bank offers and settled on Absolut Bank. Then he offered excellent conditions - 11.25% instead of our 13.25% per annum. The monthly payment was thereby reduced by 4,300 rubles, taking into account the preservation of the loan term. We grabbed a calculator and calculated that we would win more than 885 thousand over the remaining years.

But they soon realized that there would be additional expenses. With the new bank we had to insure not only our apartment, but also our life and health. This is plus 10.3 thousand rubles per year. The only consolation was that Sber paid 7,600 a year for insurance, the difference is not too big. Additionally, we paid 2,500 rubles for the assessment, 300 rubles for an extract from the Unified State Register of Real Estate, and a state fee for re-registration of 668 rubles for two. But even after deducting expenses, they gained more than 830 thousand, and the monthly payment became, although not much, less stressful.

Benefit #2: Reducing loan overpayments

If you leave your monthly payment the same and shorten the term of your mortgage after refinancing, your overpayment in interest will drop sharply. Let's show with the same example:

The overpayment is thus reduced by more than 1.7 million rubles over the entire loan term.

Benefit #3: Removal of encumbrances from the property

This is possible when replacing a mortgage loan. Now the rates offered by banks already make it possible to do this, if not with profit, then at least with zero losses. The point of such refinancing is that the apartment becomes the full disposal of the borrower and ceases to be a bank collateral. It can be sold, donated, and so on without any consultation with the bank.

Let's say we took out a mortgage for the same apartment worth 3 million rubles. with an initial payment of 20% for 10 years at 13.5%, but they paid for 5 years, and for the remaining period they refinanced with a consumer loan at 12.9% per annum (the real rate of Sberbank, which is difficult, but still possible to obtain).

In total, we see that the cost of both loans, taking into account insurance and other side expenses, will be approximately the same. However, your apartment will be mortgaged for only 5 years instead of 10.

Benefit #4: Changing the loan currency

An extremely relevant opportunity for borrowers who took out a mortgage in dollars and paid for it after the rate jumped at the end of 2014. Another thing is that not every bank is ready to change the loan currency. Similar services are now provided, for example, by Gazprombank.

Benefit #5: Increased ease of loan servicing

While Sberbank, VTB24 and several other large credit institutions have reliable and more or less convenient online banks, borrowers of many other lenders have to pay through branches, ATMs and terminals.

Refinancing your mortgage may be a good opportunity to ease the burden of traveling across town to the only working ATM with a bill acceptor. It is also convenient to transfer the mortgage to the bank where you receive your salary.

Cons of refinancing a mortgage

• The disadvantage of refinancing in the second half of the loan term with annuity payments. In this case, you pay most of the interest in the first years, and refinancing only makes sense if you want additional ease of service.
• High additional costs. When refinancing your mortgage, you will have to again submit to the bank the entire package of documents for the property - including a new appraiser's opinion. You will also have to insure the collateral again.
• The need to go through all stages of lending again. If over the years of mortgage payments your income has decreased or your property situation has changed for the worse, refinancing may not be approved. However, the bank can issue a refusal or unsuitable conditions without any compelling reason - the procedure is not transparent and is carried out according to the internal standards of the credit institution.

Reviews from mortgage providers

I applied to VTB24 to refinance a mortgage loan in the amount of 1.6 million rubles. Over the phone, and then in the office, they confirmed that I fit all the parameters, so to speak, with a reserve. I have a high salary, a large stable company, and we have a salary project at VTB24. the manager promised a refinance at 9.7% per annum.

I waited a week. A girl calls and says in a cheerful voice: “You have been approved for a loan at 10% per annum in the amount of 1 million rubles.” What? What million? I asked why this decision was made. The girl promised to clarify - and... that’s it. Nobody called again. I asked a question on Banki.ru. The bank's technical support replied that these are the conditions: if you want, take it, if you don't want, go somewhere else.

Who is eligible for mortgage refinancing?

• holders of loans with an interest rate at least 1% higher than that offered by the “new” bank; for annuity payments - in the first half of the payment period;
• borrowers who find themselves in difficult life situations;
• holders of foreign currency mortgages taken out before 2015;
• clients of small banks with an undeveloped system of branches, ATMs or inconvenient Internet banking.

When is it not profitable to refinance your mortgage?

There is little point in getting into refinancing if you took out a home loan several months ago under market average conditions: rates in most banks have not dropped enough since then for refinancing to have any serious effect.

Keep in mind that you will have to re-order a real estate appraisal, extracts from registers, pay for insurance and incur other expenses.

What mortgages can be refinanced?

The loan you intend to refinance must meet the following requirements:

• The loan must be repaid on time for at least the last 12 months (in fact, throughout the entire credit history, since the presence of at least one late payment, even many years ago, significantly reduces your chances of being approved for refinancing). There must also be no current overdue debt.
• As a rule, refinancing a mortgage loan is impossible before six months of its validity. Some banks have a limit on the amount of refinancing - the client must repay the original loan from 20% to 50% of the cost of the property.
• The same applies to the expiration of the mortgage term - you cannot refinance the loan if there are less than three months left before its expiration.
• The loan must not have been previously issued.

Which bank is more profitable to refinance a mortgage?

Here are offers from 12 leading Russian banks providing mortgage loan refinancing services. They are aimed at various borrowers, and if you wish, you can find “your” bank without much difficulty.

Bank	Interest rate and amount	Loan terms	Borrower requirements and documents
Sberbank	From 9.5% to 10.5% (when consolidating other types of mortgage loans, the rate is from 10% to 11%). From 1 to 7 million rubles.	Up to 30 years old	21-75 years old, 6 months of experience. at your current place of work. Russian Federation passport with permanent or temporary registration, confirmation of income and employment (except for salary clients), loan agreement and information about real estate (provided within 90 days after approval of the application).
VTB 24	From 9.7% to 11% Up to 10 million rubles (for Moscow – up to 30 million rubles). The loan is issued for an amount of no more than 80% of the appraised value of the property (for a loan based on two documents - no more than 50%)	Up to 20 years (up to 30 years for payroll clients)	Passport (registration in the region where the bank operates is optional), SNILS, proof of income, proof of employment,),
Raiffeisenbank	9,99%. Up to 26 million rubles.	Up to 30 years old	21-65 years old, permanent or temporary registration in the region where the bank operates, residence there. Minimum income – 15,000 rubles. (20 thousand rubles for Moscow, St. Petersburg and some other cities). The minimum current work experience is from 3 months to 1 year, depending on the total experience. Passport (of any country), proof of income and employment. Loan agreement and information about real estate (including an extract from the Unified State Register or Unified State Register).
Bank opening	From 9.35% (when insuring the risks of loss, as well as the life and health of the borrower, the loan term is 5 years and the loan amount is up to 50% of the value of the property) to 13.5%. From 500 thousand rubles. up to 15 million rubles (up to 30 million rubles in Moscow and St. Petersburg)	From 5 to 30 years	18-65 years old, Russian Federation citizenship, current work experience of 3 months. Russian Federation passport with permanent or temporary registration, proof of income and employment (except for salary clients), loan agreement and real estate information
Tinkoff	From 8.5% (the bank acts as a mortgage agent, giving a discount of up to 0.5% from the rates of other banks). Up to 100 million rubles	Up to 30 years old	Passport, proof of income and employment. Loan agreement and real estate information. If necessary, other documents requested by third-party banks.
Rosbank	From 8.75% (subject to comprehensive insurance and a one-time payment of 4% of the loan amount), to 12%. From 300,000 rubles (from 600,000 rubles for Moscow and St. Petersburg)	Up to 25 years
DeltaCredit	From 9% to 15%. From 300,000 rubles (from 600,000 rubles for Moscow and St. Petersburg)	Up to 25 years	20-65 years old, citizens of the Russian Federation. Russian passport, proof of income and employment. Loan agreement and real estate information.
Alfa Bank	From 11.99% to 18% (only in combination with other loans - replacing a mortgage with a consumer loan secured by real estate). From 50 thousand rubles. up to 3 million rubles	Up to 5 years	From 21 years old. Permanent income from 10 thousand rubles, current experience from 3 months. Russian Federation passport, permanent registration in the region where the bank operates. TIN, SNILS, confirmation of income and employment or financial solvency. Availability of a landline telephone. Loan agreement and real estate information.
Gazprombank	From 9.5% (with comprehensive insurance) to 14.1%. From 500 thousand rubles. (but not less than 15% of the cost of the object) up to 45 million rubles. (no more than 85% of the cost of the object)	From 1 to 30 years	20-65 years old. Citizenship of the Russian Federation. Current experience – from 6 months, total – from 1 year. Russian Federation passport, permanent registration in the region where the bank operates. Proof of employment and income. SNILS, TIN, marriage certificate and other documents - if available or upon request. Loan agreement and real estate information.
Binbank	From 13.9% to 22.5% (only in combination with other loans - replacing a mortgage with a consumer loan secured by real estate). From 50 thousand rubles. up to 2 million rubles	From 1 to 7 years	20-65 years old, Russian citizenship. Russian passport + driver's license/TIN or other identification document. Proof of income and employment. Loan agreement or certificate of debt balance.
Promsvyazbank	From 10.5% to 14.2%. From 1 to 15 million rubles.	From 3 to 25 years	21-65 years old, Russian citizenship. Current experience – from 4 months. Russian Federation passport. SNILS. Permanent registration/actual residence/place of work in the region where the bank operates. Proof of income and employment. Availability of a landline telephone. Loan agreement and real estate information.
Uralsib	From 9.9% to 11.9%. From 300 thousand rubles. up to 50 million rubles	From 3 to 30 years	18-65 years old, Russian Federation citizenship, current work experience of 3 months. Russian Federation passport, permanent registration on the territory of the Russian Federation. It is possible to issue a loan without proof of employment and income for salary card holders. Loan agreement and real estate information.

Mortgage refinancing: step-by-step instructions

1 Contact the bank offering refinancing for advice on the conditions.

2 We collect a package of documents, which includes:

• Application form according to the bank form (can be filled out online or directly from the manager).
• Passports (most often of the Russian Federation, Sberbank allows passports of other countries) of the borrower and co-borrowers, if available. Please note: the borrower's spouse is a co-borrower by default, regardless of income or employment level.
• Proof of income. These can be certificates 2-NDFL, 3-NDFL, a certificate in the form of a bank, an extract from a personal account, certificates of additional part-time income, etc.
• Confirmation of employment (irrelevant for payroll clients of any bank). Usually this is a copy of the work book or civil contract.
• and (VTB24 requires it without fail, Alfa Bank requires it as an optional document, and all other credit organizations enter the number of the pension insurance certificate in the application form, if available).
• Documents for the current mortgage (loan agreement, certificate of debt balance, some banks require a certificate of quality of loan repayment - a monthly payment schedule and a statement of the flow of funds in the mortgage account).

3 If the bank is satisfied with the submitted documents, then a positive decision is made within 2-5 days. The period can be extended both for objective (additional study of documents and credit history) and for subjective reasons (the manager, having accepted the package of your papers, went on vacation without transferring the case to anyone).

Refinancing approval is valid for 90-120 days - during this period you must settle relations with the bank where you have the original mortgage.

4 We obtain permission from the original bank to transfer the collateral or refuse such permission. We clarify the procedure for early repayment (whether you need to write an application).

5 We collect a package of documents for a mortgaged property. It includes:

• extract from the Unified State Register of Real Estate
• cadastral passport
• extract from the house register
• certificate of absence of debt on utility bills

We submit a package of documents to the bank, which will refinance the loan.

6 Signing the loan agreement. Issuance of a loan: the “new” bank transfers by non-cash payment to the account of the old one. The refinanced loan is repaid (do not forget to take a certificate of no claims against you from the original bank - it will be issued free of charge within 28 days, for a fee - within three days, cost - 500-1000 rubles, depending on the bank; this document must be submitted to the “new "bank).

7 Change of mortgagee. This procedure is carried out differently in different banks. Somewhere, a credit institution takes on the responsibility of working with the original mortgage holder, while Raiffeisenbank, for example, requires the borrower to pick up and deliver the mortgage himself.

One way or another, the process lasts from 1 to 4 months, during which your new loan is considered unsecured and has an increased rate of 1-3%. It is impossible to avoid these expenses; take them into account initially when calculating the benefits of refinancing.

8 We insure the collateral against the risk of loss. These are also mandatory expenses. In some cases, it is possible to maintain insurance when transferring a loan from one bank to another. However, more often than not, insurance companies cooperate with banks to one degree or another and refuse to continue insurance when the mortgagee changes.

9 We begin to pay on the new loan.

Photo: Klaus Ohlenschläger (DPA/TASS)

Don't have extra money to invest and have been paying off your mortgage for several years? Consider refinancing your loan. This is a very labor-intensive, but overall quite profitable event that will help you save a lot of money.

Now that the key rate of the Bank of Russia is 7.5%, for citizens who bought an apartment with a mortgage several years ago, the issue of refinancing previously taken loans is increasingly relevant. And if earlier this service was almost an exotic product, now all large banks, without exception, offer to refinance a loan taken from another bank.

To reduce your mortgage rate by refinancing with another bank, you can either contact banks directly or use an aggregator of bank offers, which, for example, is Tinkoff or other resources.

If in the first case everything is clear - you work with one bank and collect a package of documents according to its requirements - then in the second case, with all its advantages, there are hidden disadvantages: since the aggregator works with a pool of banks whose requirements may differ, you will have to collect a package of documents that suits everyone. In addition, all aggregators have their own relationships with banks, which makes the process not completely transparent.
Let's take a closer look at the refinancing procedure, the main stages of the process and the things you should know when getting involved in this process.
Collection of documents

To refinance a mortgage loan, you must have the following documents ready:

• A completed application form from the bank where you are applying for refinancing.
• A certificate of income from your place of work confirming your income in Form 2-NDFL (if you are a salary client at a bank, then, as a rule, it is not required).
• A copy of the work record book or employment contract (if you are a salary client at the bank, then, as a rule, it is not required).
• A copy of the main pages of the passport.
• Certificate of debt balance with the original creditor bank
• Title documents for the apartment (a copy of the purchase and sale agreement and a copy of the certificate of ownership)
• A copy of the loan agreement and payment schedule. Some banks require these documents at later stages.

So, you have collected all the documents and submitted them to the bank that provides mortgage refinancing services. After receiving documents from you, he, as a rule, first makes a preliminary decision on you as a potential borrower and decides on the rate that he can offer you, taking into account various factors: gender, age, experience and place of work, the ratio of the value of the collateral to the amount requested loan. Be prepared for the fact that you may be refused even by the bank where you are a payroll client. You also need to be prepared for this.

If your family circumstances have changed since the conclusion of the mortgage agreement, be prepared that you will have to arm yourself with additional documents. If you get married, a potential creditor bank may demand that your other half become a co-borrower of a new loan, arguing this under articles of the civil and family codes.

Do not rush to agree with the bank and remember that you have a choice in the form of a marriage contract, which may not necessarily regulate the entire complex of property relations, but a separate part of it in the form of an apartment for which a mortgage is issued. For a marriage contract you will have to pay the notary about 10,000 rubles (prices hereinafter are in Moscow).

Entering into a deal

Let's assume everything is fine and you are pre-approved for a loan. Now we have to collect documents for the apartment. You will need:

• Independent assessment of the apartment. Please note that each bank has its own list of companies with which it works and its own requirements for the report format. Thus, if you have assessed an apartment for one bank, it is almost guaranteed not to be suitable for another, and if suddenly at this stage you still want to consider other banks for refinancing, you will have to pay extra to redo the report, which can be an unpleasant surprise. For appraisal companies, this is a way to make money out of thin air, and for you it is unjustified expenses. The average cost of the report is 7,000-10,000 rubles; for changes to the report to suit the requirements of another bank, you will have to pay an additional 3,000 rubles.
• A single housing document, which can be obtained for free in the “My Documents” center.
• An extract from the Unified State Register of Real Estate, it can also be obtained at the “My Documents” centers. The extract is prepared there within 7 working days. However, you can use other information and service resources.
• Title documents for the apartment, purchase and sale agreement. In some cases, a receipt is required from the seller of the apartment (if you bought a secondary home) that you have paid him in full and in the proper manner, but the bank must notify you in advance of the need for this document. Typically, after the three-year period, a receipt is not required.
• Transfer deed for the apartment.
• Technical passport for the apartment. Please keep in mind that the technical passport is valid for 5 years. If your passport has expired, then you need to contact the “My Documents” center, order a call from a technical specialist and pay for the production of a technical passport. Its cost, including calling a specialist, for a two-room apartment is approximately 10,000 rubles. From the moment of payment, the passport is produced in about 15-20 working days. A technical passport from the early 2000s and even the 90s (explication and floor plan) is accepted for consideration, if the owner of the apartment has it in paper form. If tech. If the passport is lost or has not been issued and there have been no BTI engineers at the site over the past 5 years, then the process of obtaining a technical passport will not be quick, which will take about 3-4 weeks.
• An updated certificate from the bank about the current debt on the mortgage loan as of the date of the refinancing transaction and a certificate about the full account details for repaying the debt with the original creditor bank. In some cases, an application for full early repayment is requested on the date of the transaction with a note indicating its acceptance by the primary creditor.

Deal

On the day of the transaction, you come to the new creditor bank, open an account and get acquainted with the documents. If possible, ask for documents to be sent to you in advance, since it is impossible to carefully read and understand all the provisions of the contract on the spot.

By the way, the content of mortgage agreements has changed a lot over several years. Now the bank prescribes truly “draconian requirements” in relation to the client: the opportunity to inspect the apartment at least once a year, the ability to periodically request information about the client and his income, an actual ban on renting out the apartment, the obligation on the part of the client to notify the lender about relatives, whom he wants to register in the apartment and much more. And then you suddenly have to seriously weigh everything and decide for yourself what is more important to you - a reduction in the monthly payment by 10,000-20,000 rubles or your own relative freedom.

Let's assume you signed everything and the money was transferred to your account, and then sent to the account at the original creditor bank. Please note that you will not only be required to repay the principal amount of your mortgage to your original lending bank, but also the interest that has accrued since the date of your next monthly payment. Keep in mind that in this regard, the total amount to be repaid will certainly increase and the more days that pass from the date of the next monthly payment, the greater this amount will be.

You also need to conclude an agreement on life, disability, and property insurance.

Paperwork

If you thought that this was all over, you are mistaken. At this stage the fun begins. As a rule, the new creditor bank sets an increased interest rate for the period until the old mortgage is repaid and a new one is issued.

So, you need to obtain from the original creditor bank a complete package of documents to remove the encumbrance from your apartment. This package of documents includes a mortgage note, as well as a notarized copy of the power of attorney for the bank employee who marked that you have fulfilled your obligations to the bank. It is also better for you to take a certificate of interest paid to the bank and that the debt has been repaid in full.
In different banks, the time frame for preparing a mortgage varies: for example, at Fora Bank, a mortgage is issued every other day, and at VTB after 15 working days. You yourself understand that the period during which you will pay at an increased rate in the new bank depends on the speed of issuing a mortgage.

With this package of documents, as well as your passport and certificate of ownership, you go again to “My Documents” and there you submit a package of documents to Rosreestr to remove the encumbrance. The encumbrance is removed within 7 working days. You will be given a notice of removal of the encumbrance. Next, you need to receive an extract from the Unified State Register of Real Estate, which will indicate that the encumbrance has been lifted. And with these documents you need to go to “My Documents” again. According to the period for registering the encumbrance, this is the same 7 working days.

In some situations, banks reissue a mortgage without the client's participation, but this is more likely to happen in a situation of internal sale rather than refinancing. Here you yourself must go through the “My Documents” centers. There is, however, a market for intermediary services who can re-register documents for you. The timing will hardly change, and you will have to pay about 30,000 rubles (for example, at Tinkoff Bank) for these services.

Once you take out a mortgage, your rate and payments should decrease accordingly from the next payment period.

Example of estimated cost and benefit of refinancing a mortgage

• The balance of debt with the original creditor bank is 6,130,000.
• Initial interest rate 13.25%.
• The monthly payment amount is 94,900.
• The loan requested for refinancing is 6,000,000.
• The interest rate before registration of the mortgage is 11.7%.
• The monthly payment amount is 84,100.
• The interest rate after registration of the mortgage is 9.74%.
• The monthly payment amount is 77,400.

Expenses
• Marriage agreement: 10,000.
• Registration certificate: 10,000.
• Apartment valuation: 7,000-10,000.
• Certificates from banks: 4,000.
• Extracts from the Unified State Register of Real Estate: 800.
• Conclusion of a new insurance contract: individually depending on the tariffs of the insurance company.
• Registration through intermediary aggregators: 30,000.

“Well,” said Woland, “people are like people.”
They love money, but it has always been like this...
Well, frivolous... well, well...
and mercy sometimes knocks on their hearts...
ordinary people... in general, they resemble the old ones...
the housing issue only spoiled them...

Pathetic epigraph

(clickable, it’s interesting)

I recently successfully completed the process of refinancing a mortgage, so I need to take note of the knowledge that has not yet been forgotten (and, unfortunately, it is really necessary), and at the same time summarize the general processes when buying an apartment. We will only talk about buying an apartment, but most of it fully applies to other real estate properties.

Definitions and basic information
Mortgage - one of the forms of pledge in which the pledged real estate remains the property of the debtor, and the creditor, in the event of the latter’s failure to fulfill his obligation, acquires the right to receive satisfaction through the sale of this property. To put it simply, if there is a lack of own funds to purchase real estate, a loan is taken out from a bank, with the property being purchased (or already owned) as collateral. There is no money to pay the bank - the property is sold, the bank takes its part from the amount received. The key phrase in the definition is: “the property remains the property of the debtor.” This means that the debtor can continue to dispose of his property as he pleases. There are few exceptions to this right imposed by a mortgage.
Encumbrance - the presence of any restrictions on the right to dispose of one’s property. For the purposes of this article, the encumbrance is a mortgage.

Borrower - the main debtor on the loan.
Co-borrower - additional debtor on the loan. It may be needed to increase the loan amount (the income of the co-borrower is taken into account), or, for example, according to bank rules, the spouse is required to be a co-borrower.
An initial fee - The amount a borrower has available to purchase real estate. Most mortgage programs require that the PV be at least 10-20% of the value of the property. But you can also find some that don't require a down payment (but other mortgage terms are likely to be bleak).
K/Z — loan/collateral. The ratio of loan funds to the value of the pledged property. An important parameter taken into account when determining the interest rate on a loan.
OD - the principal debt or the body of the loan, that is, what other amount must be returned to the bank from the issued loan. Decreases as payments are made.
Interest rate - what annual percentage of the OA the borrower must pay to the bank to fulfill its obligations under the loan.
Total loan cost - the full amount that will be paid by the borrower on the loan, excluding early repayment and penalties for late payments. This includes payment of ML, payment of all interest, expenses for all procedures associated with issuing a loan, for example, appraisal of an apartment, fee for using a safe deposit box, expressed in annual percentages. Roughly speaking, if all payments in one year amounted to 2 million from a loan of 1 million, then we get 100% of the total cost of the loan.
Effective interest rate - in contrast to just the interest rate, it takes into account all additional expenses associated with issuing a loan, the cost of money over time (if you want to see what this is, you can look it up on the Internet, but for the purposes of this post this is not important). Essentially the same as the full cost of the loan.
Monthly payment - the payment that a borrower must make each month to repay the interest and principal due on the loan. It is calculated from the amount of the loan issued, its interest rate and the loan term. The larger the loan amount, the more I EM, since it is necessary to pay more for ML. The higher the interest rate, the more I EAT, since more interest needs to be paid. The longer the loan term, the less I EM - the ML payment is spread over a longer period. An important point: first, the interest for the actual use of ML is calculated, and the amount for payment of ML is added on a residual basis. For example, EM for April will include interest for using OD for thirty days, and some amount that will be used to repay OD.
Annuity payment system - with it, the monthly payment is fixed in amount. But depending on the amount of interest paid, the amount that goes to repay the ML varies. In most cases, an annuity is used.
Differential payment system - with it, the amount used to repay the ML is fixed. Since the amount of interest changes depending on the month of payment, as well as the postponement of the payment date due to holidays, the amount of the full EM also changes from month to month.
Loan payment schedule - a document provided by the bank to the borrower with complete information on the date and amount of payment of each EM.
Early repayment - an extraordinary payment that goes entirely towards repaying the loan body. DP can be partial or complete. In the case of DAP, the repayment amount must fully cover the entire ML, as well as accrued fines and interest. In this case, the borrower fully fulfills his obligations to the bank, the mortgage and encumbrance are terminated. With the NDP, the loan body is partially repaid, the loan continues to be valid, but on changed terms. The meaning of NPV is to reduce OD, and therefore the amount of accrued interest. At the same time, depending on the conditions of the bank, the EM or the loan term may be reduced. In any case, after the emergency situation, the bank is obliged to issue a new payment schedule. It should be taken into account that the NDP does not cancel the payment of the next EM. Also, many banks indicate the possibility and freeness of DP as a plus of their mortgage program. You need to know that the right to free DP of any type and for any type of loan is guaranteed to the borrower by federal law, and the bank does not have the right to prohibit it or establish a commission or any other fee for this procedure, regardless of its name. The only limitation is that the borrower must notify the bank of his desire for a DP 30 days in advance (the period can be reduced by agreement of the parties, but cannot be increased), and, of course, complete the DP on time.
Refinancing - changes in loan terms or change of lender. Conventionally, it can be divided into internal refinancing, which does not affect the agreement with the borrower, for example, banks working under the AHML program, after concluding an agreement with the borrower, refinance the loan in the AHML itself. At the same time, the borrower continues to fulfill his obligations under the concluded agreement, he remains with the same bank account, but the loan itself is now officially on the balance sheet of AHML. Another type is when the borrower himself initiates a change in the terms of the loan or changes the lender. From the borrower's side, only the second option is interesting. Typically, refinancing is carried out in order to improve the terms of the loan: lowering the interest rate, increasing the term, or simply changing the lender to a more convenient one. When refinancing, it is worth considering that the current costs of this process (lawyer fees, apartment appraisals, government fees) may exceed the expected benefits.
Registration Chamber - branch of RosReestr, where all real estate transactions are registered: registration of encumbrances, registration of purchase and sale, deregistration of encumbrances, issuance of a certificate of ownership, etc. The main Internet portal is located at: http://rosreestr.ru. Moscow department of RosReestr: http://to77.rosreestr.ru. Sign up for the electronic queue for submitting documents: http://www.mosregistr.ru/other/pz/index.html. RosReestr's unified information telephone number: +7 800 100 34 34 (specialists answer competently, the wait on the line is not long). You should not call the telephone numbers of specific chambers, as this is simply a waste of time - after a couple of dozen attempts to contact the registry employees. The chamber never succeeded. In order not to write every time, please note that all applications listed below for submission to the registry. The chamber is usually composed of the registry officers themselves. chambers.

Interest calculation, monthly payment components and early repayment process

As mentioned above, the payment is divided into two components: payment of interest for the use of loan funds and the amount to repay the principal debt. First, interest is calculated, the balance of the monthly payment goes to ML. With a long term and a large amount of debt, the calculation usually turns out such that at the beginning of loan payments b O The majority of the payment goes to pay off interest. This does not mean that banks take interest "up front", it is simply a mathematical calculation under given conditions.
Example.
The payment date is the fifth day of each month. Loan at 12.5% ​​per annum. Monthly payment 18,500 rubles.

The previous payment was 02/05, the next one will be 03/05. After the February payment, the principal debt amounted to 1,340,000 rubles.

Thus, the interest in the March payment will be 1,340,000 * 0.125 / 365 (number of days in a year) * 28 (number of days elapsed since the last payment) = 12,849.32 rubles. The amount to repay the principal debt will be 18,500 - 12,849.32 = 5,650.68 rubles. If you increase EM by 10,000 to 28,500 rubles, then 15,650.68 rubles will be used to repay OD.
What happens in case of early repayment? DP funds are used entirely to repay the principal debt. In this way, the amount of debt is reduced, and therefore the amount of interest in the next monthly payments, which means that if the amount of EM remains unchanged, the debt will be paid off in a shorter period of time. This is one of the options for recalculating the payment schedule - reducing the loan term. Another possible option is to reduce the EM so that the loan term remains the same. This method allows you to reduce the debt burden of the borrower. Usually the bank uses only one of the options, but it may also allow the client to choose the method of recalculating the schedule. Often clients want to reduce the loan term. If the bank does not allow this, there is nothing terrible for the client. The borrower always has the opportunity to continue to repay the loan with early payments, and at some point the next early payment will completely repay the debt, thereby reducing the actual loan term.
Example of NDP. The data is the same as in the EM calculation example. The borrower decided to make an early payment of 200,000, and the payment went towards repaying the debt along with the next EM on 05.02. After this operation, the debt is 1,140,000 rubles. The interest will be: 1,140,000 * 0.125 / 365 * 28 = 10,931.51 rubles. The remainder of the next payment will be used to pay off the principal debt. With the same amount of EM for repayment, the amount obtained is: 18,500 - 10,931.51 = 7,568.49 rubles.

Basic law regulating the mortgage system is the “Federal Law “On Mortgage (Pledge of Real Estate)” dated July 16, 1998 No. 102-FZ.” But little will be clear to the average person (otherwise there would be no need to write this post).

Main types of mortgage:
Mortgage by force of law - arises when ownership of real estate is transferred, for example, during a sale or purchase.
Mortgage by virtue of an agreement - arises when pledging existing property, for example, during refinancing.
Subsequent mortgage - arises when pledging already pledged property. For example, first you take out a loan secured by an apartment from Bank A, and then take a loan secured by the same apartment from Bank B. In this case, the consent of Bank A is required, and the amount of all loans should not exceed a certain percentage of the sales value of the pledged property. It is not discussed within the scope of this article; it is provided simply for information.

Mortgage by force of law, that is, when buying an apartment
First you need to calculate your capabilities and correlate them with your desires.
The general practice is that the maximum monthly loan payment cannot be more than 40-50% of the income of the borrower and all co-borrowers minus all fixed expenses: other loans (credit cards may also be included in the calculation), dependents, alimony, etc. Banks even take mobile communications into account. To calculate, you need to decide on the desired term of the mortgage, and you also need to know the interest rate on the loan. Since all numbers are approximate, you can take the average rate for your case. For example, if the borrower is an employee with a completely white income, then you can safely mortgage at 12-13% (most likely you can find more profitable offers, but it is better to take it with a reserve). After receiving the approximate amount of the loan that you should theoretically be given, add to it the amount you have on hand and get the approximate price of the apartment that you can afford.

Next comes the selection of a suitable bank and mortgage program.
The most important selection parameter is effective interest rate. After choosing, you must submit the necessary documents for the borrower/co-borrowers to the bank and wait for approval. Borrower approval can take from a couple of days to several weeks. Depending on the adequacy, the bank may request additional documents. But we must take into account that despite satisfying all the bank’s requirements for the borrower, it is not obliged to issue a loan on these very conditions, and may simply refuse. Accordingly, it is logical to find several suitable banks and submit documents to all of them at once. This does not entail any obligations or problems. Banks cannot find out through official channels that the borrower is also waiting for approval from competitors. And if they find out in any way, it is unlikely to change anything. Before signing the agreement, the borrower does not owe anything to the bank, and the bank does not owe anything to the borrower (an unpleasant consequence—loan terms may change during the period from approval to conclusion of the contract).

Tips for finding a bank. First of all, you need to find out if there are any preferential conditions in your salary bank.
If you are an employee with a white salary, then pay attention to the AHML programs. This is a government structure designed to stimulate the mortgage housing market. It has very attractive conditions. It does not work directly with borrowers; for this purpose it enters into agreements with usually small banks that provide the population with all the services necessary for AHML mortgages.
If your salary is gray or black, then you should think about whether it would be more profitable to change your employer. Banks also take into account unofficial income using a document called “Certificate on Bank Form”. But your employer may be afraid to include real data about your income on this paper. And if you’re not afraid, then the terms of a loan with confirmation of income using such a certificate will be worse than using the standard personal income tax form-2. You also need to take into account that you cannot get a tax deduction from unofficial income (what is it,).
It is worth constantly monitoring bank mortgage stocks. Sberbank, VTB24 and other, not necessarily large banks, regularly offer special conditions to attract clients.
Once approved, the borrower is given three months to find a suitable property. After finding suitable housing, the property will be approved, which will take another one to two weeks. And after the property is approved, they enter into a transaction, where the final documents are signed, the down payment is transferred, and the loan money is deposited in the cell. But more on that below.
Standard set of documents for the borrower:

• passport;


• a copy of the employment contract, certified by the employer on each page;


• Personal Income Tax-2, or a certificate in the bank form, or another document that the bank accepts to confirm income;


• application form from the bank and other small pieces of paper.

The main problem may be registration. The most problematic banks may require permanent registration in the region where the loan was issued, and the property being purchased must be located in the same region. Common practice is to require permanent registration in the region where the bank operates; the property must be in the region where the loan was issued. It depends solely on the level of paranoia of the bank's security team.
When preparing and receiving all documents, you must carefully check the correctness of all passport data, company names, positions, and income. The bank can easily demand another copy of the document if, for example, the seal completely covers someone’s signature.

Search for an apartment and its approval.
There is nothing to write about the search from my own experience - everything was very simple for me. The only thing I can advise is that you shouldn’t wait for the borrower’s banks to approve it, look for an apartment right away. Even if you have no idea how much of a loan you will be approved for and, accordingly, whether you can afford the apartment you are inspecting, then at least you will have experience in communicating with sellers, you will understand what you need to pay attention to, and so on.
When an apartment has been found and everything has been agreed upon with the seller, you need to start collecting documents on the property and the seller. The list is usually like this:

• technical passport, cadastral passport with explication and floor plan. All these documents are prepared by the cadastral chamber. Two weeks and several hundred rubles (duties) are spent on technical support. passport, around a week and also several hundred rubles for the cadastral, explication and floor plan. Important: there should be no red lines anywhere on the plans! If they exist, this means that during the next inspection of the property, significant illegal redevelopment was identified. It is unlikely that any bank will approve such an apartment.


• apartment appraisal from an independent appraiser from the list of bank partners. Costs around 4000-5000 rubles, done in 3-4 working days. For the assessment, an explication and a floor plan are required at a minimum. Full requirements must be clarified with the appraisal company. An electronic copy of the assessment is made before a paper copy. For AHML programs, the assessment must contain a phrase with the meaning “there is no redevelopment, the apartment corresponds to the data from the BTI.” Any little thing, even if according to the law it is not necessary to notify the BTI, will lead to a refusal from the bank working with AHML.


• an extract from the house register, where usually, at the request of the bank, there must be no registered current owners.


• an extract from the financial personal account for the apartment stating that there is no debt.


• You also need a passport of the current owner, who must be the seller, a certificate from a psycho-neurological dispensary stating that he is not registered there, and the same certificate from a drug treatment dispensary.


• anything else that the bank may require, but the main documents are given above.

And you also need to carefully check all the data. Both times when I needed an appraisal, professional appraisers only got it the third time. Which begs the question, how much should an assessment cost from professionals who are able to do it correctly on the first try, if these idiots charge 5,000?

Transaction and paperwork
So, the borrower and the apartment are approved. Now you need to select an independent insurance company, again from the list of bank partners. Depending on the bank’s conditions, the borrower must be insured against disability and death, the property against damage, and the title. Title insurance means that if the borrower's title to the purchased property is terminated for any legal reasons (the interests of minor children were not taken into account, the seller turned out to be schizophrenic, etc.), the insurance company is obliged to compensate the ML to the bank instead of the borrower. The first two types of insurance are always required. Title insurance varies by bank. And the borrower himself needs to assess the risks for each type of insurance.
The choice of the insurance company itself is simple: call and ask to calculate the amount of the insurance premium. Wherever there is less, choose that one. At least this is the algorithm I used. But perhaps it makes sense to study the practice of insurance companies fulfilling their obligations. The conclusion of an agreement with an insurance company usually occurs on a transaction basis.
You are required to be personally present and have money for the PO or a document confirming the transfer of the PO to the seller (it’s worth checking this possibility with the bank). Everything else is up to the bank. It is he who draws up the purchase and sale agreement, mortgage, loan agreement, mortgage and all other necessary documents. In this case, the bank must send the borrower the “fish” in advance; all contracts with approximate dates and amounts for review, so as not to waste time on the transaction. But before signing, you still need to carefully study the documents again. Whether the borrower can make adjustments depends on the bank, but it is unlikely that it will redo a standard agreement for one of many borrowers. I didn’t put forward my demands, I just clarified some points.
After a successful transaction, it is time to register the mortgage and the sale transaction itself at the Companies House. A year and a half ago, in all of Moscow, only two branches of RosReestr worked with mortgage holders. According to unconfirmed reports, people were queuing from five to six in the morning. And this despite the fact that the complete list of documents required for submission cannot be known in advance even now after the introduction of electronic queues, website updates, and the creation of a single information support number. In general, a year and a half ago, upon purchase, it was decided to pay ten thousand rubles to the registrar, who, most likely, entered the registry office through a special door and gave the gift to the civil servant. Now the situation has noticeably changed for the better.
By virtue of the law, I do not dare give a list of documents to be submitted to RosReestr for registration of a mortgage transaction, since a lot of time has passed. The mortgage bank should be aware and give you the necessary documents themselves. It is guaranteed that an appraisal is required, all contracts, a mortgage with a copy, a power of attorney from the bank to the borrower to submit documents on behalf of a bank employee (they themselves do not like to waste time on registration chambers) and a power of attorney for the bank employee, which states that he has the right to carry out these operations. It is also worth writing an application for registration of property rights and mortgages in advance, but the Moscow registry chambers draw it up for you.
The maximum time for registering a mortgage by force of law or by force of contract is 5 working days. On the sixth day you can come to issue documents.
This completes the process.

Why do you need a realtor? And is it necessary at all?
The question is complex. If you are not sure that you can carry out all the described operations yourself, then you may still need a realtor. The cost of services is usually a percentage of the purchased property (the price tag starts from hundreds of thousands of rubles in Moscow). What exactly their responsibilities include should be carefully found out from the real estate agency itself. Ideally, I see the participation of a realtor as follows: the deputy describes the dream apartment, gives his information, then the realtor provides a list of the most profitable mortgage programs, collects all the documents on the borrower for approval (the borrower himself should only be needed for personal presence at the bank), then the borrower and the realtor walks around suitable apartments, selects one of them, the realtor extracts a discount from the seller, the realtor, together with the seller or the seller’s realtor, collects all documents regarding the apartment and the current owner, at the same time checking the cleanliness of the apartment (the apartment is not mortgaged, there are no applicants for its ownership, there are no minors disadvantaged children), a transaction occurs in which the realtor examines all the documents and forces the other parties to make changes that are beneficial for the client or remove unfavorable ones, the realtor registers the transaction with the registry office. Those who used the services of a realtor are sure to smile now.
In the case of a mortgage, at a minimum, the service of drawing up contracts and checking them is not required. The bank deals with all this, and it is unlikely that it will change the standard contract for the sake of one client out of a thousand, even if the realtor wants to change something. It is quite possible to examine the papers for correct passport and other data yourself.
Whether a realtor can really check the cleanliness of an apartment is a question. He does not have any privileges to access personal data compared to ordinary people. The list of data to which any person has legal access is small. I can immediately remember only the extract from the Unified State Register. Passport data of the current owners and the papers on the basis of which they received ownership rights can be obtained without a realtor. But no one has abolished corruption. I am sure that every real estate agency has well-attended police officers, employees of registry offices, drug and psychodispensaries, so it is quite likely that the responsible realtor can actually check the apartment more efficiently, or at least, based on the required data, will reveal the likelihood of problems with the property being purchased.
The collection of documents is unlikely to be speeded up. In any case, the borrower will have to take all the necessary paperwork himself. And the other party collects documents on the seller and the object.
You should not completely trust the choice of a profitable mortgage program to a realtor. In my case, an independent search turned out to be almost two percent more successful - for some reason the real estate agency completely ignored AHML. On the other hand, they provided their option free of charge, but did not present any obligations to use their services. So it's worth a try. As they say, two heads are better.
What a realtor can really help with is finding an apartment. According to various estimates, data is freely available for less than half of the objects put up for sale. The rest is in Winner's semi-internal agency database. But you can find it on the Internet without any problems.
Another possible advantage of an agent is that he negotiates and can persuade the seller to reduce the price. Online forums talk about cases where the discount was several times higher than the agent's premium. On the other hand, the seller may also represent a cunning agent. So it's "my man versus your man."
What is definitely a plus when using the services of a realtor is that all bureaucratic communication with the seller is transferred to him. In extreme cases, the purchase chain can consist of seven or eight people (one owner sells an apartment in order to buy another with this money, the next owner does the same, and so on, until the chain reaches real money, that is, the mortgager in this case) . In this case, coordinating all participants and defending their interests can indeed take considerable time, if an unprepared person can cope with it at all.
To summarize, we can say that you need to carefully weigh the pros and cons and figure out whether the significant cost of the services justifies the time and effort saved.

Termination of encumbrance (repayment of all mortgage debt)
When the debt is fully paid, it is necessary to register. Chamber to remove the registration record of the encumbrance in the form of a mortgage. Essentially this means that now you have no restrictions on the right to dispose of your property.
The bank must issue a mortgage note indicating full fulfillment of obligations and a power of attorney or other document certifying the authority of the employee who marked the mortgage note. It is also strongly recommended to take a complete statement from the current account used to make payments, breaking down the types of transfers of money from this account: for repayment of interest, for repayment of principal. This extract will be needed, for example, by the tax office to provide a deduction. In addition to the statement, it is worth taking several certificates stating that you have fully fulfilled your loan obligations. Such a certificate is needed by the insurance company to pay the borrower the unused portion of the premium after the date of full repayment.
To remove the registration record of the encumbrance, you must sign up for the electronic queue and bring the following documents on the appointed day:

• mortgage note with a note about its repayment, original and copy;


• a power of attorney or other document from the bank confirming the authority of a bank employee to make a note on the mortgage;


• if the mortgage is terminated by virtue of the agreement, then a receipt for payment of the state. duties are 1000 rubles. Registration and termination of a mortgage are not subject to fees by law;


• statement;


• if it is necessary to obtain a new certificate of ownership, where the encumbrance will not be indicated, then an application for the issuance of a new certificate and state. duty 200 rubles. Please note that if any data specified in the certificate has changed, for example, permanent registration address, then reg. The chamber must make these changes to the certificate, which is also paid for by the state. duty of 200 rubles. It is not clear why it is impossible to change both the registration address and the encumbrance record by charging one fee. But at least these operations do not require additional time.

It’s worth mentioning separately about duties. All of the above types (for registration, termination of encumbrance and issuance of a new certificate of ownership) have the same budget classification code (KBK) 321 1 08 07020 01 1000 110, which must be indicated when paying. For Unified State Register inquiries, this code is 321 1 13 01030 01 6000 130.
Also, when registering a mortgage and its termination, the amount of the fee is divided by the number of applicants, and everyone must pay their part. For example, in the case of registration of a mortgage by virtue of an agreement when refinancing applicants in reg. There are two chambers: the borrower and the bank. Everyone must pay 500 rubles, which will give a total of 1000 rubles in duty. Accordingly, there should also be two receipts for payment (or other payment documents).
When issuing a new certificate of title, there is only one applicant - the owner of the property.
If your mortgage was issued without drawing up a mortgage note, then in this case it is necessary to be present at the registry office. bank representative chamber. The exact list of documents should be found in RosReestr.
The maximum period for termination of encumbrance is 3 days, including the day of submission of documents.
Unfortunately, it is not possible to sign up to receive documents online. But the line moves quickly, so that's not a problem. In Moscow reg. There are kiosks in the wards where you need to take a check with your number in line. If you need to receive several packages of documents, then you need to take a number for each package.

Refinancing
Refinancing your mortgage is similar to taking out a first loan, but with many life-making exceptions. In particular, there is no seller, and there is no need to collect documents for him, such as certificates from dispensaries (although the new bank may require them from its potential client). But documents for the borrower and for the apartment are collected in full (an approximate list is given in the section on purchasing an apartment).
Since a new real estate valuation is required, the appraiser will need documents for the apartment. There is a nuance here. The cadastral passport and separate explication are valid for one year, and the technical passport is valid for five years. If tech. the passport is still valid, then you need to ask the appraiser to use it (the technical passport must contain both a floor plan and an explanation), then you will not have to spend another two weeks preparing a new cadastral passport with an explanation at the cadastral chamber.
If the old insurance company is not on the list of partners of the new bank, an agreement is concluded with the new insurance company. The only new document that is required is a certificate from the old bank, drawn up in free form, which should indicate the details for transferring funds to repay the loan, the amount of the remaining principal debt and a list of overdue payments. The latter should not happen. If for some reason at least one payment was late, the new bank is guaranteed to inquire about the reason (or may immediately refuse). Naturally, in order to continue relations with a new creditor, the reason must be valid: technical impossibility of payment (problems in making payments by the old bank), delay in payment by third-party organizations (for example, a sudden payment day falling on a weekend), etc.
During the approval of the borrower and the apartment (this process is almost identical to obtaining the original mortgage), it is necessary to find out how the transfer of funds from bank B to bank A will be carried out and under what conditions. The best option is that after completing the transaction, Bank B makes a transfer to Bank A, fully repaying the principal debt. After the transaction, the borrower is given a certain period of time to register the termination of the mortgage encumbrance of bank A and register a new encumbrance of bank B. In this case, for bank A everything looks like full early repayment, which means that all provisions of the mortgage law relating to PAP apply: bank A does not may interfere with the process of early repayment, must accept the payment on the day it arrives in the borrower’s account, the old insurance company is obliged to return the unused part of the insurance premium (although minus some costs for operations with documents according to the internal tariff).
After receiving the funds by Bank A, it is obliged to immediately issue a mortgage note with a note that the obligations have been fulfilled in full.
Next, the borrower needs to contact the registry office. Chamber and remove the registration record of the old mortgage and register the new mortgage. The new mortgage in this case will be by virtue of an agreement, which means it will be subject to state tax. duty of 1000 rubles. But since there are two applicants in this case: the borrower and the new bank, each of them must pay 500 rubles to the budget and provide receipts for this.
The list of documents for termination of encumbrance is provided in the previous section.
The list of documents for a mortgage by virtue of the agreement is as follows:

• statement;


• mortgage agreement in triplicate, originals;


• loan agreement, original and copy;


• mortgage, original and copy;


• apartment appraisal;


• power of attorney for me from a bank employee for submitting documents, original and copy;


• power of attorney for a bank employee from the general. dir or board for authority to file mortgage documents, original and copy;


• receipt for payment of state fees from the borrower and from the bank are 500 rubles each;


• receipt for payment of state fees for issuing a new certificate of title for 200 rubles and an application.

The last point is not mandatory, but very desirable: the borrower will have a current certificate of ownership, and Bank B may ask for a copy of it for internal procedures.

It is NOT necessary to submit: cadastral, technical passports for the apartment and explication, old certificate of title, insurance contract, purchase and sale agreement (they already have it, it was handed over when registering the mortgage by force of law, that is, when registering the first mortgage), which -or bank documents, extracts from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities.

The law does not say whether it is possible to submit documents to terminate the encumbrance and register a new encumbrance at the same time. But specifically reg. The chamber at 5 Dmitrovskoye Shosse accepts documents for all operations at once. The only thing is that you should sign up for the electronic queue as many times as you need to submit packages of documents, since each set of papers requires separate time for reception. If you can’t sign up in a row, then one sign-up is enough.
In this case, the total time for processing all real estate transactions is equal to the maximum time for the longest transaction. In the described case, the law allows 3 working days to remove the encumbrance and 5 working days to register a new encumbrance. Employee reg. Chambers said that you need to arrive in just five working days to issue all packages of documents at once! This is a very pleasant surprise, for which thanks reg. ward on Dmitrovskoe highway.
After receiving the documents, you need to transfer the registered mortgage to Bank B (but you need to clarify the requirements of a specific bank). Usually it is received by a bank representative, but it also happens that the borrower is entrusted to do it.

Refinancing is a service provided by banks, with the help of which the client consolidates several small loans under a single agreement. In this case, the borrower has the opportunity to reduce the monthly payment percentage and extend the loan term.

On-lending eases the fate of the borrower, who, upon receiving relief, can pay off all bank debts. This program is possible only if the borrower provides the necessary documents. Their list may differ slightly for different banks.

List of required documents

To get an answer to the question of what documents are needed to refinance a loan, the borrower must first select the bank with which he will enter into a refinancing agreement. Let's look at the list of necessary documents using the example of three well-known banks.

What documents does Sberbank require?

To consider an application for refinancing at Sberbank, the following documents are required:

Questionnaire (application) of the borrower.

Passport with registration of place of residence.

Certificate of temporary registration if the borrower submits an application not at the place of residence.

Certificates and other papers confirming the solvency of the borrower or his guarantor (certificate of salary, certificate of financial position).

The client provides additional information about the refinanced loan to the bank as required (the financial institution reserves this right).

Information on the balance of the loan debt with interest accrued on it.

Credit history, which indicates delinquencies (if any) for the last year.

The last three are provided by the borrower from the lending bank. The extract or certificate must be current at the time of submitting the application to Sberbank.

Grounds for on-lending at BinBank

The main documents for refinancing at BinBank remain the same, but others are added to them:

Russian citizen passport.

A copy of the work record book or contract, which indicates that the person is still working.

A document showing the borrower's income for the last four months. This could be a Form 2 personal income tax certificate, an extract from a salary account, a document from the employer on the company’s letterhead.

Certificate of existing debt, certified by the bank that issued the loan. It indicates the amount of debt current on the date of filing the application, the initial amount, and the interest rate.

What documents need to be provided to VTB 24

VTB 24 requires almost the same documents. The differences are minimal.

Russian citizen passport.

The original of one of the income certificates for the last six months (at the client’s choice) - according to Form 2 of the Personal Income Tax, in free form, according to the VTB Bank form. No more than 30 days should pass from the date of issue of the paper.

A document issued by the lending bank that shows the full cost of the loan. Alternatively, the client can provide the contract itself.

Insurance certificate SNILS.

Each financial institution can independently set age restrictions on the provision of refinancing services.

How to write an application

An application for loan refinancing is another document without which refinancing is impossible. In the application, the borrower indicates a list of financial organizations to which he has debt obligations. You can write an application in two ways:

send a letter to the bank with a completed application form to receive approval for the refinancing program;

fill out the form online on the official website of the bank offering refinancing services.

A sample application for loan refinancing to be sent by letter can be downloaded on the Internet. The first option is more effective, since the client can immediately put in the envelope the necessary documents confirming the presence of a permanent job, a certificate of income and evidence of the difficult financial situation that has developed at the moment. These papers serve as the basis on which the bank will issue a loan.

The application for refinancing does not have an established legal framework. If you do not want to use a sample application for loan refinancing from the Internet, write it in any form. But it is better to use the form posted by the bank on its official website.

Employees of a financial institution will definitely check your credit history, so you should not go fraudulently and indicate in the application that the money is needed for additional purposes, for example, for a vacation trip, for repairs, and so on. Having discovered cunning on the part of the client, the credit institution will most likely refuse.

Is it possible to refinance a loan using 2 documents?

Some banks are trying in every possible way to simplify the refinancing procedure and offer to draw up an agreement using two documents. In this case, the client only needs to provide a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation and another identification document. Such documents include:

Taxpayer identification number.

Insurance policy.

Driving license.

Such loan refinancing does not require an income certificate confirming the borrower’s solvency. To obtain a refinanced obligation to financial organizations, you do not have to provide a work book, employment contract or copies of these documents. The bank itself will request information about the client’s credit history from a special credit bureau.

Lending without income certificates, in which the borrower is required to provide only 2 documents, may seem like a simplified option to some. In practice, everything is different - approval of a refinancing application is extended for an indefinite period. Sometimes these reasons are not enough. More often, the bank requires the client to provide a guarantee or collateral. Only a small percentage of financial institutions limit themselves to two documents, taking risks.

Remember that an application for refinancing with a bad credit history is rarely approved, and if the bank does agree to refinance, the interest rate can be very high. That is, acceptance of your application based on two documents does not yet constitute consent to refinance. Employees of a financial institution will definitely check your credit history, only after that they will make a decision.

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